Ruy Lopez: Bulgarian Variation

The opening is a rare variation of the Ruy Lopez that aims to prevent White from playing c3 and d4.

The Bulgarian Variation of the Ruy Lopez is characterized by Black playing a5 early on to prevent White's bishop from pinning the knight on c6. This move can be a surprise weapon for Black, as it is not commonly seen in top-level play. By playing a5, Black aims to disrupt White's typical plans in the Ruy Lopez and create imbalances on the board. White can respond in a few different ways, such as continuing with c3 to support the bishop on b5 or playing d3 to maintain a solid pawn structure. Black must be careful not to weaken their pawn structure too much with a5, as it can create potential weaknesses later in the game. Overall, the Bulgarian Variation offers an interesting and unconventional way for Black to play against the Ruy Lopez, catching opponents off guard and leading to unique positions on the board.